World Religions Study Exam Study Guide Free Essays

string(65) " placed in Dakhmas where the bones are picked clean by vultures\." EXAM REVIEW HRF3O1 Unit 1 Approaches to Religion 1. Explain the meaning of the following terms; * Ascetic, Agnostic, Polytheistic, Monotheistic, Religious Impulse, Sacred, Secular, Animism and Humanist Ascetic: One who practices very strict devotions using sever of self-denial. Agnostic: A person who doubts that humans can know the existence of a possible God and the possible existence of anything beyond this life. We will write a custom essay sample on World Religions Study Exam Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Polytheism: Belief in more than one God. Monotheistic: Believing in only one God. Religious Impulse: The universal urge to believe in something beyond ourselves. Sacred: Connected with religion. Secular: Connected with or belonging to the material world. Animism: The attribution of a living soul to plants, animals, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena. Humanist: An adherent of humanism- an outlook or system of thought that views humankind, rather than spirituality or religion, as the source of all value or meaning. 2. Explain the connection (or lack of one) between religion and ethnicity. Religion is primarily concerned with beliefs, rituals and practices, while ethnicity refers to a person’s origins, race, culture but not necessarily his or her religion. . Define Pop Culture. Provide examples of the influence on traditional concepts of religion. Pop Culture: Commercial culture based on popular taste. A negative influence that pop culture has had, would be the negative image we have of Muslims, labeling them all as terrorists, based on a small minority. 4. Define Culture and describe how it is learned. Culture: The arts and other m anifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively. Culture is learned through our family, our school, our friends, and our society. Things that limit what we learn culturally could be laws, or society’s expectations of us, our â€Å"class. † 5. Identify the world’s 3 â€Å"Great Religions†. Why are they considered â€Å"Great†? Islam, Christianity and Judaism. They are geographically spread, old, complex scriptures, many places of worship, involves the roles of people. 6. Identify 3 reasons people feel the need to practice religion. People feel the need to practice religion out of fear, out of wonder, to answer questions, to give them a guide in life, it helps them find themselves, etc. 7. All spiritual systems share some â€Å"universal† similarities. Identify and explain 3 of these. Organized institutions, Church, Synagogue, Mosque, places to practice their religions. Rules of conduct; the Five Pillars, the Ten Commandments, etc. , rules they must follow to guide them in life. Sacred writings or scriptures; the source of information for their practices and beliefs, or a sacred written history. Other examples would be a belief in the afterlife, salvation, ideas that parallel good evil, etc. 8. How does religion provide both social harmony and social control? It could provide social harmony because it brings people together, gives them something to do, something to believe in, most religions are based off of ideas of good and evil, so if someone practices this, they will be trying to stay good, therefore making social aspects better too. It could provide social control again, because there are rules to be followed in that religion, and through history there have been attempts to convert everyone into a certain religion, or places that have a state religion, makes the religion a way to control the people. . Explain the difference between Fact and Opinion. How could you tell if someone is bias? Fact: A thing that is indisputably the case. Opinion: A view or judgment formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge. You could tell someone is biased if they have had a previous experience that makes them lean a certain way, or if they got incorrect information from somewhere. Someone is usually bias is they have an extreme op inion- either positive or negative. 10. Provide 2 examples each of a primary source and a secondary source. A Primary Source could be an auto biography, or an interview with the person whom you’re talking about. A Secondary Source could be the Bible, or a documentary based on something that happened in history. 11. Explain the difference between Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism. Ethnocentrism: Belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group. Cultural Relativism: Understanding the ways of other cultures and not judging these practices according to one’s own cultural ways. Aboriginal Spirituality 1. Define Residential schools. What was the purpose of these schools? Residential schools were schools that Aboriginal children were forced into, and were abused, while people tried to assimilate them into European culture, by separating them from their parents, their language and their culture. 2. Define Self Government. What did the Indian Acts of 1895 encourage? Self-Government: Government of a political unit by its own people. They encouraged Aboriginal peoples to give up their culture and adopt â€Å"white ways. † 3. What is Oral History? Describe the Native views of Creation vs. our own. Oral History is the communication of stories and lessons of history by speaking fluently, listening and understanding. Aboriginal Creation stories usually involve several spirits or animals, where our Creation stories usually come from a supreme Creator. Unit 2: Early Religions Zoroastrianism 12. Identify the founder of Zoroastrianism Zarathustra was the founder of Zoroastrianism. 13. Explain the 3 similarities Zoroastrianism has with one of the â€Å"Big 3† religions. (Great Religions) It is very old, it is monotheistic and believes in one supreme being/god (Ahura Mazda), a belief in an afterlife, i. e. , good people spend their afterlife with Ahura Mazda, and bad people spend it with Angra Mainyu. (Parallels good and evils tendencies. ) 14. What is the significance of fire for Zoroastrians? Fire signifies the divine. 15. Where is Zoroastrianism origins to be found geographically? It began in Azerbaijan, Iran around 1700 BCE. 16. What are the two main gods in Zoroastrianism? What happens to the â€Å"soul† after death in Zoroastrian beliefs? The two main gods are Ahura Mazda, the good god and supreme creator, and Angra Mainyu, the bad god and evil spirit of death and violence. 17. Explain the Zoroastrian death rituals. The bodies are placed in Dakhmas where the bones are picked clean by vultures. You read "World Religions Study Exam Study Guide" in category "Papers" 18. Explain the symbolism used in the Faravahar. What does each part represent? The Faravahar, is to remind one of the purpose of life on this earth, which is to live in such a way that the soul progresses spiritually and attains union with Ahura-Mazda. Center Circle: Represents the soul of the individual. Wings: Allow the soul to progress and evolve. Five layers of wings represent the five divine songs (Gathas) of Zarathustra, the five divisions of the day (Gehs), and the five senses. Long Curved Legs: Represents the opposing forces of good and evil. A conflict occurs between the two and a person must choose which path to follow. Tail: Helps the soul to balance itself between these forces (like a rudder). Three layers of the tail represent:1. Good thoughts2. Good deeds3. Good words Head: Every soul has free choice to either obey or disobey the divine natural laws. Ring in Hands: Symbolizes the cycles of rebirth on this earth and planes the soul can undergo. Jainism 1. In what ways does a Jain achieve salvation/liberation? They must be fully ascetic and monasticism. A path to liberation (Moksha) consists of: i. Right Perceptionii. Right Knowledgeiii) Right Conduct They must conquer material existence to release oneself from Samara (the cycle of births and re-births) 2. What is Sallekhana? Compare with anorexia. Sallekhana is the voluntary death by fasting. Anorexia is an eating disorder where a person refuses to eat for fear of gaining weight, or to lose weight. Mentally it gives the victim control when they feel they can’t control other aspects of their life. Compared to Sallekhana, anorexia is a mental disorder where the person doesn’t understand anymore that they can die from not eating, versus Sallekhana, where the person is wishing to achieve liberation through fasting, and is a spiritual decision to detach oneself from the material world by starving themselves to death. . Explain Karma, Moksha, and Samsara, and Atomism in the context of Jainism. Karma: The sum of a person’s actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences. Moksha: Release from the cycle of rebirth impelled by the law of karma. Samsara: The cycle of death and rebirth to which life in the material world is bound. 4. Identify 3 Rules of Conduct for a Jain and explain them. a. Ahimsa (Non-Violence, through thought word or deed) b. Celibacy c. No stealing 5. Sketch the symbol for Jainism and explain each part of the figure. Taoism 1. What does â€Å"Tao† mean? How is this included in Confucianism, Taoism, and Shintoism? Tao means â€Å"The Way†. Confucianism one best maintains the Tao via alignment with existing social values, so defined by tradition and cultural morays. Taoism believes that by to follow the Tao you must ‘sit and do nothing’, ‘go with the flow’ as we can’t have control over the way. The Shinto tradition focuses on the worship of the pure to the exclusion of the impure, and focuses on nature, although there is no Tao. 2. Explain the significance of Huang Di, Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu for Taoism. Huang Di: The first sort of founder for Taoism. Lao Tzu: Wrote the Lao Tzu and is one of the most ‘famous’ founders of Taoism. Chuang Tzu: He wrote the Tao Te Ching. 3. What is the major difference between Eastern Religions and Western Religions in your opinion? Western religions hold a distinction that humans are the most important, where Eastern religions tend to believe everything is alive, and has a soul. Western religions believe in a supreme creator, Eastern religions tend to believe that nature is divine, and that there is no one god. In Western religions the source of happiness and salvation are through a relationship with the supreme creator, or â€Å"God†, whereas Eastern religions believe that enlightenment and liberation is within oneself. 4. Sketch a Yin-Yang in your notes. Identify 3 points for each. The small circle in each side represents that there is a little bit of dark in light and vice versa. 5. What is Wu-Wei? Provide an example. Wu-Wei means do nothing, let nature take its course. If someone happens you don’t like, don’t try to fight it, it’s natural to happen and you’ll be messing with life’s natural cycle if you try to stop it. . Why is Taoism concerned with physical health? Provide ways that physical health is promoted Among Taoists. Taoism believes that to keep the body pure (the vessel of the spirit) that you are also being healthy spiritually. Being physically healthy helps your mind stay clear. Confucianism 1. What did Kung Fu Tzu (Confucius) experie nce that made him so revered? Confucius experienced heartache. His father died when he was a toddler, and his mother died later on. He was born out of wed-lock, and was â€Å"kicked out† of him family. Confucius was kind of a loner, being giant, and ‘ugly’ didn’t have many friends. Confucius experienced rejection from people of power but never stopped trying. People admire Confucius for his accomplishments even when he had such a hard life. 2. What is the â€Å"Golden Rule†? Was Confucius a founder? The Golden Rule is a code of moral and ethics. â€Å"What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others. † Confucius was a founder, since he believe that no matter what rank, people should be judged based on their quality (intellect, wisdom), instead of looks , power or wealth. 3. Identify and explain the 5 virtues. 1. Ren: The virtue of benevolence, charity, and humanity. . Yi: Honesty and uprightness. 3. Zhi: Knowledge 4. Xin: The virtue of faithfulness and integrity 5. Li: Correct behavior, or propriety, good manners, politeness, ceremony, worship. Shintoism 1. Why is comparing Shintoism to other religions difficult? There is no founder, no ritual use of scripture, and no organized teachings. It is seen more as folklore and mythology. 2. How is Shintoism adaptable and tolerant? 3. Identify the main deities in Shintoism. Who were their offspring? Who was most significant? Izanagi-no-Mikoto (brother/husband) and Izanami-no-Mikoto (sister/wife). Their offspring was Amaterasu, goddess of the Sun and Universe. Amaterasu was the most significant. 4. What is a torii gate? What is the purpose of the gate? A torii gate marks the transition from a profane place to a sacred place and is usually the entrance to a Shinto Shrine. 5. How is purification apparent in Shinto ritual and prayer? Cleanliness is an important part of Shinto and before entering any sacred place on must be clean. Cleaning represents purification, and before entering some shrines, you must rinse your mouth out at a special station. 6. What exactly do Shintoists worship? Shintoists believe in worshipping the natural world to establish communion, harmony and peace with its spirits and deities through prayer and ritual. In their view, moral and physical purity is a basic law. Shintoists worship Kami, divine beings, gods/goddesses who inhabit the water, the ground, the air, all parts of nature. 7. What are the major Shinto varieties? Folk Shinto: A looser form of Shinto, not so involved, and revolved more around the basic gods and myths of Shinto. State (Shrine) Shinto: There was emphasis that the emperor was a divine being, being a descendant of Amaterasu herself, making him a sort of God. Sect Shinto: Practices the worship of Kami, through shrines dedicated to particular Kami. Unit 3 : Eastern Religions : Hinduism and Buddhism 1. What did the Aryans have to do with the origins of Hinduism? The Aryan settlers created poems and later texts on rituals and philosophy. Aryan religious thought flourished between 1500 to 500 BCE and was embodied in a collection of works called Vedas, which are considered Hinduism’s earliest sacred writing. To this day, Hindus consider the Vedas to be the authoritive scripture. 2. What does â€Å"you are that† mean? What is a Puja? You are that† refers to the Hindu idea that everything and everyone is Brahma. That by worshipping other gods, you are still worshipping Brahma because he is everything. That you are also Brahma (in a way) because Brahma is everything. Puja is a common thanksgiving ritual that involves offerings of flowers, food and other articles to deities 3. Who was Mahatma Ghandi and how did Jainism influenc e him? Ghandi was a peaceful leader who believed that things can be achieved or settled in a peaceful way. He believed that you could be against something, or protest something, without being violent, following along with Ahimsa in Jainism. . What are Bindi and Tilak? What can they mean for Hindus? The Bindi is the represent the third eye, and to strengthen the 6th Chakra, is worn by married women to show they are married and should be respected as such. Tilak is a sandalwood paste, in which there are different colours, and when worn in different colours, or fashions on the face, it shows people what God you worship. 5. Identify the 3 main Hindu Gods. Brahma; the Creator, Vishnu; the Preserver, Shiva; the Destroyer. 6. What are the laws of Manu? What did this mean for Women? It is a law book that affirms the Hindu concepts of dharma, caste, and the four arms of life. It deals with religious practice, law, and politics. Brahmins accept this, but it is rejected by other castes. For women this means they are expected to follow the rules of the Manu, which means bearing sons, never being without a man’s presence, having to do traditional cooking and cleaning, etc. Sort of repressed. 7. Identify and describe the main Hindu Goddesses and their consorts. Saraswati: Goddess of learning and the arts, which is why she is depicted holding a book and a musical instrument called a veena. She rides a swan or peacock, her consort is Brahma. Parvati: Mother Goddess, worshiped as Shakti, or female energy. Changes into Durga or Kali according to different levels of anger, representing the different levels of Shakti. She is Shiva’s consort. Lakshmi: Goddess of wealth, happiness, and good fortune. 8. What is the Ramayana and what is the significance? An Epic which contains 240 000 verses. It is the story of Prince Rama, who is worshipped throughout the Hindu world as the 7th avatar of God Vishnu. The epic represents the constant struggle between good and evil forces, where good eventually prevails. Intro. To Buddhism: 1. Why is Buddhism becoming more popular in the West? Buddhism is becoming more popular in the West because it fills a spiritual void that â€Å"Western† religions can’t fill. It is more of a philosophy and can appeal to anyone. It allows the idea that anyone can achieve liberation through the practice, again not ceremonies like Western religions tend to revolve around, i. e. meditation instead of church, peaceful behaviour instead of preaching beliefs, etc. 2. What does Buddhism emphasize? Buddhism emphasizes practicing the teachings rather than to engage in ceremony in ritual. There is also a large emphasis on meditation. . What does Buddhism believe about people in search of truth? 4. What is Buddhism’s ultimate goal? The ultimate goal is to end human suffering Origins: 1. When and where was Buddhism founded? It was founded in India, 6th Century BCE. 2. Who was Siddhartha Guatama? What does his name mean? Siddhartha Guatama was the founder of Buddhism. Siddhartha means â€Å"the one who has achieved his goal. † 3. Describe Siddhartha’s miraculous birth. What did the Brahmins say about Queen Maya’s dream/the baby? What did King Suddhodana hop for his son and how did he protect him from the â€Å"real† world? Siddhartha was conceived as a baby white elephant, and his mother could see him in the womb. After 10 months of carrying the baby, his mother gave birth leaning against a tree, which lowered its branch to help her during labour. After he was born, water poured from the sky the wash him and his mother, though he was hardly dirty. After his birth, he took 7 steps and said, â€Å"This is my last birth. † The Brahmins told Queen Maya that she would give birth to a son, and that if he accepted the world, he would become King of all India, but if he rejected the world, he would become a redeemer of mankind. The King Suddhodana was more interested in his son becoming a king, so he made sure Siddhartha had everything he could possibly want, and shielded him from suffering, so that he accepted the world. 4. What changed Siddhartha at the age of 29? Describe what he saw. Siddhartha discovered suffering. The first day he went outside the palace he saw an old man. The next day, he saw a man riddled with disease. The third day, he saw someone pushing a cart with a corpse on it, followed by a grieving mother and her children. The last day he saw a monk, who seemed like he had been through the hardships of life, but accepted them with peace and serenity. He realized that he too needed to solve this riddle to life. So he left his wife and son in the middle of the night. 5. What steps did Siddhartha take to find an answer on lifestyle choices? What was his conclusion? What did he learn about deeds? What state did he achieve? First he studied under Hindu hermits until he had learned all that they could teach. He then became an ascetic, giving up worldly pleasures and eating only a bean a day to survive. Siddhartha was close to death from fasting before his friends came and fed him. He realized that too much deprivation was as harmful as too much luxury, and the idea of â€Å"the Middle Way† was born. . What does Buddha mean? What did he believe about one’s personal salvation? Buddha means â€Å"the enlightened one† or â€Å"the awakened one. † He believed that everyone has to find their own liberation-which is within us all. 7. What Hindu aspects did Buddha accept and reject? The Buddha rejected the caste sys tem, Hindu rituals and offerings to gods, theories, language of Sanskrit (he used Pali), nirvana being only possible for Brahmins, the authority of the Vedas and the Upanishads. Concepts that he accepted are those in the idea of reincarnation. 8. Describe the First Sermon. Define dharma, bhikkus, sangha and bhikku sangha. The First Sermon was when Siddhartha went back to the 5 ascetics and told them about this â€Å"Middle Way†, telling them how neither extreme was good- but that the path to liberation was one of moderation. This was his first teaching, so it is known as the First Sermon. Bhikku: A fully ordained monk who has left his home and renounced all his possessions in order to follow the way of the Buddha. Sangha: The community of Buddhist monks and nuns. Bhikku Sangha: The community of fully ordained monks and nuns. 9. Describe Buddha’s death. What did he say to his followers? What state did he achieve? When he was over 80 years old the Buddha took a poisoned meal and ate- even though he knew it was poisoned, just to be courteous. He lie on his deathbed, surrounded by his followers, and he spoke : â€Å"In all my lifetime, two meals stand out supreme: one was the meal that I ate before I sat under the Bo tree, after which I received enlightenment; the other, tonight at the home of my dear friend, Cunda, after which I shall receive NiNana. † And he died. Buddhist Beliefs: 1. How is Buddhism an introspective religion? What do Buddhist teachings express? Buddhism is an introspective religion because it is subjective, not objective. It is based off one’s perception, and experiences, not â€Å"good† or â€Å"evil. † It focuses on bettering oneself, rather than changing the things around them. Buddhist teachings express that nothing is permanent, so why fret, over something when everything is always changing and we can’t stop it. 2. Describe women in Buddhism? Who is Buddha Tara? Women in Buddhism are as equal as men. They are allowed to become nuns, and are allowed to practice in general. It is believed that women are also able to achieve nirvana, just as much as men are. The Buddha Tara is a figure in Buddhist teachings- who vowed to take rebirth as a woman until she became a Buddha. 3. Anicca, Dukkha, and Anatta are the characteristics of what doctrine? What do they mean? Anicca(Impermanence): represents the idea that the world is in a constant flux and that nothing stays the same for long. Impermanence is a fundamental feature of everything. Dukkha(Dissatisfaction): represents the idea that all humans and animals experience suffering. Physical and mental pain, are good examples. Feelings of continuous happiness or pleasure do not exist since these feelings only last for a limited amount of time. Dukkha touches everything in life. Anatta(no-self): is the notion that we cannot point to any one thing in ourselves and say it is our self. No single part of the body, is a human, only the parts put together makes the whole person. That is the same in that our mind, body, and spirit make up our â€Å"self†. These three things are the â€Å"Three Characteristics of Existence. † They make up everything outside nirvana. 4. Buddha wanted to find the cause of unhappiness and its treatments. What did he come up with? What are the central themes? The Buddha found that suffering is cause by craving and aversion. It is caused by our perception. . The 5 Precepts are the â€Å"rules† that Buddhists follow. What are these rules? List the additional precepts monks/nuns observe. The Noble Eightfold path is comparable to what according to the film Religions of the World? 1. Abstain from killing or harming living beings 2. Abstain from stealing 3. Abstain from improper sexual c onduct 4. Abstain from false speech 5. Abstain from taking alcohol and drugs (Additional precepts) 6. Abstain from eating after noon 7. Abstain from looking at dancing, singing or drama 8. Abstain from the use of perfumes and things that tend to beautify and adorn a person 9. Abstain from using comfortable beds 10. Abstain from accepting gold or silver 5. Who/what are the Three Refuges? What does each represent? The Three Refuges AKA the Triple Jewel, are the Buddha (the guide), the dharma (the path) and the Sangha (companions and teachers. ) 6. Who practices the Six Perfections? List the Six Perfections. A Bodhisattva practices the Six Perfections which include: giving, morality, patience, vigour, meditation, and wisdom. Symbols and Icons: 1. What does the Wheel of Life represent? What is found in each circle? Who has control over the circle? The Wheel of Life represents the endless cycle of births and uncontrolled rebirths (samsara. )The inner circle holds a bird, a pig, and a snake. These represent the human vices that keep the wheel turning- greed, ignorance, and hatred. The goal is to conquer these vices. The second ring shows the forms we take when we are reborn. The white half shows Heaven, the black shows Hell. The third ring shows the many regions into which one can be reborn. They represent real places and are not metaphors for states of mind. This ring includes experiences we may have as humans, i. e. suffering/pleasure. The images in the outer circle represent the twelve causes of endless rebirths: the old, bind person is ignorance, the potter creating a pot means actions, the monkey climbing the tree of samsara represents consciousness, the man rowing a boat means name and form(body), a house with six doors and windows means the senses, a man and woman embracing means contact, the arrow in the eye means feeling, the man drinking alcohol depicts craving, the monkey grabbing fruit illustrates grasping, a women in labour depicts existence, a baby being born indicates birth, and finally a man carrying a corpse represents aging and death. The Wheel of Life is held in the teeth of Yama; the Lord of Death, and there is no single being inside the wheel who is outside the control of death. Only the Buddha is outside the wheel, pointing at the moon symbolizing nirvana. 2. What is the Mandala used for? What monks are required to make Mandalas? What happens to the Mandala after it is used? While the Mandala is being made it is used for prayer and meditation. When it is finished, monks recite chants and prayers before it is swept away, which symbolizes impermanence. 3. What influences the portrayal of Buddha images? When did these images start to pop up? There are images of Buddha to help followers remember their path, and to remember the meaning of his teachings, and honour his memory as a person, and the fact that he fact that he escaped Samsara. The images are to remind Buddhists, remember, and to honour. 4. Practice the 9 different Mudras and know what they represent. 5. What is found in the Stupas? Relics of the Buddha and other holy figures are found in the Stupas. 6. Describe how Lotus flowers symbolically represent humans. The vision is that some of the flowers are bogged down in the mud, and some about to bloom. The comparison is that all people have the ability to develop their potential and rise from an undesirable life. 7. What are Buddhapadas? Name 2 symbols found on them? Buddhapadas are the representations of Buddha’s footprints, and are revered in all Buddhist countries, believed to be places where Buddha stood. Symbols could be the Buddha, or sacred wheels on the â€Å"soles† of these footprints . Practices, Rituals and Festivals: 1. What is karma? How did the film Religions of the World define it? Karma: â€Å"Action† or law of cause and effect; the totality of one’s thoughts and actions, which determines one’s fate in the next life. 2. What are the common offerings and what do they represent? Flowers- because as they fade and wilt, they emphasize the notion of impermanence. Incense Sticks- burn in the home and the temple to symbolize the Buddha’s â€Å"odour of sanctity. † Light of a candle- representing Buddha’s enlightenment. 3. Compare Buddha, Dhamma, and Sanhga Day. Buddha Day: Celebrated on the full-moon day of May, surrounding the belief that the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha happened on this day. People assemble on the grounds of the monasteries, bringing flowers, lit candles and incense sticks. They walk around the main hall three times while reciting the Three Refuges. Dhamma Day: Celebrated on the full-moon day of July, being the day of the First Sermon, people gather and offer food to monks, nuns and novices in Deer Park. At night, people give food to the poor, observe the Five Precepts, and practice meditation. Sanhga Day: Celebrated on the full-moon day of March, commemorates two important events in the Buddha’s life. The first was the proclamation of the basic principles of Buddhist teachings, and the second was a sermon called the Basis of Success. Food is offered to monks, and people engage in good karma accumulating activities. Followers observe the Five Precepts and attend a sermon at the monastery. Groups and Institutions: 1. Compare the 3 main schools: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. Theravada: Practiced in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. Considered the original and more conservative school of Buddhism. Only recognizes Tripitaka, as scripture. Focuses on the teachings of Buddha, not Buddha himself. They rely on meditation and insight to attain nirvana. They believe that humans are individuals, the key virtue is wisdom, religions is for monks, the ideal being is the Arhat, that Buddha is a saint, and prayer through meditation. Mahayana: Practiced in China, Vietnam, Korea, and Japan. A more liberal school, and see Buddha as a divine being. Emphasis on Bodhisattvas. They believe that humans are involved with others, that the key virtue is compassion, religion is also for lay people, the ideal being is Bodhisattva, Buddha is saviour, and prayer for request. Vajrayana: Practiced in Tibet, Bhutan, and Nepal. Focuses on rituals, such as mantras, and material creations attached to Buddhism such as mandalas. Focuses on the Dalai Lama, who is their spiritual leader. 2 . Where is Zen practiced? What does it emphasize? What are koans? Zen in practiced in the Rinzai School, and the Soto school. Koans are riddles used to test students on their enlightenment. Unit 4: Western Religions: Judaism and Christianity Judaism 1. Define: Tanakh, Torah, and Talmud. What is the difference between these? Tanakh: The Jewish Bible consisting of the Torah, the Prophets, and the writings. Torah: Refers to the Law of Moses as well as the rest of the Hebrew Scriptures and the entire belief system of the Jewish faith. The word Torah is often translated as meaning â€Å"law†, but a more accurate translation is â€Å"teaching† or â€Å"instruction†. Talmud: Rabbinic teachings derived from the Mishnah. It is the main source of Jewish teaching from the medieval period to the present. The Torah is the first five books of the Tanakh, the Hebrew bible. Know to Christians as the old testament. The Talmud is a collection of rabbinical commentaries on the Hebrew bible, Jewish history, and other such things. You can consider the Talmud to be an encyclopedia of commentary. 2. In a few points differentiate between the 4 main Jewish denominations. 1. Orthodox Judaism: Orthodox Jews believe that God gave Moses the whole Torah (Written and Oral) at Mount Sinai. Orthodox Jews believe that the Torah contains 613 mitzvot (commandments) that are binding upon Jews. Modern Orthodox Jews strictly observe halakhah (Jewish Law), but still integrate into modern society. Ultra-Orthodox Jews, which includes Chasidic Jews, strictly observe Jewish laws and do not integrate into modern society by dressing distinctively and living separately. 2. Conservative Judaism: Conservative Judaism maintains that the ideas in the Torah come from God, but were transmitted by humans and contain a human component. Conservative Judaism generally accepts the binding nature of halakhah (Jewish Law), but believes that the Law should adapt, absorbing aspects of the predominant culture while remaining true to Judaism’s values. 3. Reform Judaism: Reform Judaism believes that the Torah was written by different human sources, rather than by God, and then later combined. While Reform Judaism does not accept the binding nature of halakhah (Jewish Law), the movement does retain much of the values and ethics of Judaism as well as some of the practices and culture. Reconstructionist Judaism: Reconstructionist believe that Judaism is an â€Å"evolving religious civilization. † In one way it is more liberal than Reform Judaism – the movement does not believe in a personified deity that is active in history and does not believe that God chose the Jewish people. In another way Reconstructionist Judaism is less liberal than Reform Judaism – Reconstructionist may observe Jewish Law, not because it is a binding Law from God, but because it is a valuable cultural remnant. 3. Explain the significance of the following people in the historical development of Judaism; Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, the Rabbis. Abraham was instructed by God to move to a special land to raise a nation. God chose Abraham and promised to bless him and make him a â€Å"great nation†. The idea of God’s Covenant. During the time of Moses, God’s Covenant took on a new meaning. The Mosaic ties would have God provide His people with the Ten Commandments that would allow him to keep his Covenant. Moses came to Mount Horeb, called the mountain of God in the Book of Exodus. He encountered God through a burning bush. God revealed that the cries of the Israelites had been heard and that they would be set free through Moses. (Passover). David scored a number of military victories over his enemies and eventually established Jerusalem as his capital city. Solomon built a temple that would serve as a centre of worship for the Jewish faith for the next millennium. Rabbi: A Jewish scholar or teacher, especially of the Law, a person appointed as a Jewish religious leader. 4. What are Kashrut and Terafah? Kashrut: The Jewish dietary Laws; the active adherence to the rules of being Kosher. Terafah: nonkosher: not conforming to dietary laws. 5. Describe the Jewish rituals. What are some of the â€Å"items† used in Jewish rituals? Synagogue, Kiddush, minyan, yarmulke, tallis, tefillin, Shabbat, Rosh Hashannah, Yom kippur, Hanukkah, Pesach, Seder, chametz, Haggadah, circumcision. 6. Explain how both God and those of the Jewish faith uphold the Covenant. The idea of the Covenant is that the Jewish people are God’s people and part of His Covenant. In turn they must do His will to be in His Covenant. 7. Explain Mitzvah, Barakhah, and Halakah. Mitzvah: A commandment from God; the act of performing a good deed. The most well-known mitzvoth are the Ten Commandments. Barakhah: A blessing. Halakah: The legal part of Talmudic literature, an interpretation of the laws of the Scriptures. 8. Explain Bar Mitzvah and what it means for a young Jewish boy. Bar Mitzvah: The religious initiation ceremony of a Jewish boy who has reached the age of thirteen. This means they can now be a part of the Minyan. Christianity 1. Identify the importance of the following on the life of Jesus Christ and Christianity: Augustus Caesar, Pontius Pilate, Pax Romana, The Sanhedrin, Roman Tolerance, Constantine. Augustus Caesar was the Emperor when Jesus was born. Pontius Pilate was the Roman Governor who ordered that Jesus be crucified. Pax Romana was a time when Rome was very powerful and relatively peaceful, during which Christianity multiplied rapidly. The Sanhedrin: The highest court of justice and the supreme council in ancient Jerusalem. The Roman empire had a tolerance for Christianity allowing it to spread during the times of the Pax Romana. Constantine was a Roman Emperor who converted to Christianity. 2. Summarize the following: Lent, Easter, Christmas, Epiphany, Ascension and Pentecost. Lent is a 40 day period of time, in which Christians give up something, symbolically representing how Jesus went into the desert for 40 days. Easter is the holiest Christian holiday, celebrating Jesus’ Resurrection. Christmas is the day celebrating Jesus birth. Epiphany, twelve days after Christmas, used to commemorate the revelation of Jesus as God’s son at the time of his baptism in the Jordan River. When the Holy spirit granted the apostles with spiritual gifts and abilities fifty days after Easter allowing them to go into Jerusalem and proclaim their faith enthusiastically. 3. Outline the fundamental beliefs of Christians as outline in the Nicene Creed of 325 CE. They believe in one God, and that Jesus Christ is His son. That Jesus shall come again with glory to judge the living and the dead, the belief in the Holy Spirit, the catholic and apostolic church, and the acknowledgement of baptism for the forgiveness of sins. 4. Who wrote the Gospels of the New Testament? Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. 5. In what ways is the Catholic belief â€Å"outwardly† expressed? Through the Pope, one of the most well-known religious leaders in the current world. It is not just based on one’s own belief and faith, but also through one’s actions and how they speak, proclaiming their faith, making it known through thought, word and action. . Identify the Sacraments of Christianity (i. e. Confirmation). Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist. 7. What was the Great Schism? What caused it? What was the result? The Great Schism was a split between the Eastern and Western Church, caused by mainly the accepted or rejection of the Pop and his authority, and the filioque cause, using â€Å" and the Son† at the end of the Nicene Creed, where as other groups believed that the Holy Spirit proceeds solely from the Holy Father, and not from the Son. This resulted in the two groups to separate and become their own denominations. 8. What was the Protestant reformation? Explain the difference between Catholicism and Protestanism. The Protestant Reformation was the reform of the western church in protest to its practices. Orthodox and Roman Churches had always focused on the importance of both faith and works, Protestantism is the belief of salvation through faith alone, which turned the belief inward, rather than focusing on outward sings. How to cite World Religions Study Exam Study Guide, Papers

Martell Home BuildersSocial Media On Business Communication

Question: Discuss about theMartell Home Buildersfor Social Media On Business Communication. Answer: Introduction Social media is a strategy tool used in the communication and marketing for business. In the 21st century, social media has changed the way of communication among people as well as businesses (EVANS 2010). It creates new approaches for companies in selling their brand and improving the intimate performances. For example, when Martell Home Builders, a company based in Canada, adopted the social media tools, it realized various changes in its business activities. Social media platforms include Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+, Pinterest and Tumblr (SHELDON 2017). Social media when used well leads to positive results and can as well cause adverse effects if misused. Every business should implement the use of social media platforms in its communication due to the various benefits it reaps for the organization. Martell Home Builders is a home builder company in Moncton, Canada. It is one of the companies which have adopted the online business through social media and has realized massive benefits from it. In the past, this organization was known to use realtors to get customers to buy their custom homes. However, today, this company has adopted the social media strategy thus it has realized massive profits as well as massive savings (FERRARA, 2013). Social media creates opportunities for the business in every post made. These are opportunities for social media users to convert to brand customers. By building a followers page in social media platforms, a business tends to get new clients who create a chance for the increase in the market for its products or services (GRAY, 2013). Opportunity is one of the most important actions born from social media. There is always a significant increase in conversion of customers in social media significantly. Communication in businesses has gone through various changes today. Technology has made the business communication to take a different direction from the past. In the past 20 years, business was done through face to face, but today, that has been replaced by virtual communication (BISEN, 2009). Many companies are adopting the use of phone calls, emails, and social media tools in their communication. So many virtual relationships in business are formed, and globally, this has been enacted. This new technology has increased more efficiency business performance. Verbal communication in business has decreased primarily due to the evolving and changing technology and social media platforms. Most companies are taking on to Twitter, Facebook and emailing in communicating to their customers and creating a brand loyalty for their products (GUFFEY, 2010). Thus marketing has become more advanced with the introduction of technology. Emailing is regarded more professional in business, and it is u sed in creating the Twitter and Facebook accounts. With emailing, information reaches a large number of clients in a very short while. These are the various ways in which Communication has changed for the last 20 years; the first substantial shift in communication is social media. Within the past 20 years, there has been an emergence of Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest and Instagram among many other social media platforms. These platforms have become crucial in reaching out to the public and creating business awareness. According to MARTIN (2010), today, about 60% of people all over the world visit social media channels for updates in the current world of operations and other news. Secondly, blogging is another change in communication that has made various improvement in business. Blogging has changed the form of interactions with customers and other brands. Unlike before, where businesses depended on reporters to reach out the public, blogs have changed that notion. It has enabled more engagements with customers and public. Thirdly, measurement is another change that has been enhanced in the last 20 years. In the past, business was not able to measure, for example, how many people have read their reports or bought their articles but with the recent communication technology, one can follow up on the figures. For example in Martell Home Builders, they can know the number of people interested in their Facebook Page, by the number of individuals who have liked the page. Fourthly, this technology has enabled advanced sharing. Today in business, public relations officers can send publications and press releases to reporters through Direct Messages (DMs) in Twitter instantly unlike 20 years before, where they had to mail them directly, consuming the time taken to reach the targeted market. This action has enhanced communication sharing in a big aspect. Lastly but not least, technology has enabled affordability. Organizations can now post publications in social media at no cost unlike in the past 20 years where firms paid massive amounts to advertise in print and mass media (RADU 2014). They way business is undertaken in companies is impacted by these changes. Organizations have taken different paths in doing business since this communication changes evolved. One of the implications of this conversation changes is that it creates a new medium for making sales. In the past, sales were made mainly through stores, but with the social media platforms, organizational products can reach a wider market locally and globally when sold online (FLEISHER, 2007). Secondly, these communication changes have enabled the increase in customer satisfaction since customers can shop online and have their products delivered without going to the stores. With these changes, it allows customers an opportunity to give feedback on a companys products through the online platform as well as post their suggestions on any improvements they need in the business. This strategy enhances the relationship between the firm and its customers. The company thus can manage the connection in a better way. Thirdly, this technological communication changes has largely impacted the working methods in the organization. Such methods where employees can work from their homes as long as they have an internet connection without having to go to the physical location of the company. For example, in this case, Martell Home Builders have completely gone online in their business activities, and its workforce now works from anywhere. This change increases the convenience of employees in the organization and increases work morale (BOHLANDER, 2009). Fourthly, changes in communication lead to reduced costs in marketing. Cost reduction occur because, through social media platforms, marketing is done freely by posting publications and advertising messages to a large number of people with no cost unlike the other past methods of using print and mass media to promote the business products. This approach would incur the extensive company costs. For example, in this case, Martell Home Builders, used realtor s before to get customers who were costly but now since it adopted the social media strategy it has saved on the costs. The fifth impact of communication changes to business is that it has increased the market share for organizational products. Social media platforms are global, and marketing in this channels enhances the market of business outputs (PRIDE, 2011). This is achieved through the creation of brand awareness through social media platforms. For example, when Martell Home Builders posts the photos of their built homes on their Facebook page, they get likes from many people. Once someone likes their page, they do not leave the website but keeps getting their latest updates. This strategy helps in increasing the market for this company since through social media; it reaches a broad audience. When posting photos of products, visibility is improved, and more readers seem to take interest thus creating a wider market. The sixth impact of technological changes in communication is a production of high-quality communication. The internet contains a pool of knowledge, which helps in determining the quality of communication. For instance, one can translate a text from one language to another thus business can be done through different cultures via online without difficulty. This technology has enabled the retrieval of stored verbal communication in case clarifications are needed somewhere unlike in the past where that was not possible. Lastly, changes in communication have created accessibility globally. Unlike before, currently, people can stream any current news from any country in the world in the comfort of their homes (HEALEY, 2011). Anyone in Asia, for instance, can be able to access all the information pertaining the Martell Home Builders in Canada through the internet, blogs and their social media pages. It is also possible to communicate to them from Asia instead of traveling all the way to their offices. This communication technology has made it possible for this company to overcome competition from other real estate companies, regarding its accessibility. Despite the evolution of the internet and the technological changes that have made communication efficient, some obstacles hinder communication in businesses in the 21st century (ROHM, 2014); Numerous Channels In the 21st century, a lot of pathways for communication have evolved, and business faces the challenge of determining what channel to use to reach a certain market as well as creating the right message for each channel. The main difficulty is that of choosing the right channel for a business strategy. For example, Martell Home Builders decided to use blogging to fulfill their customers needs. This approach enhanced the creation of the blog content and in turn attracted more customers. Evaluation of Social Media Significance. Despite being an easy tool to reach the audience, some social media platforms do not deliver. For example, most Facebook users tend to ignore business promotional messages and do not even consider reading them. Depending on the type of business activities of a company, social media platform deemed to be used is crucial. Twitter and LinkedIn platforms are the best when dealing with advertising business. Business should also be able to design their messages in a way that audiences do not ignore them. Credible Audience Relationship Creating a relationship with customers is another primary challenge faced by businesses. Relationship through social media is accredited if a marketer of a company, gives feedback to the comments of every individual (SMITH 2011). However, due to the overwhelming number of comments and likes in a business post, many companies fail to respond to their audiences. This feedback is through responding to comments, liking their comments or even tweeting them back. Feedback is crucial in every business communication. Content Creation Communication in business faces challenges of creating original and appealing content. Some companies seem to copy other brands content and reusing them. However in the market, quality content should be generated, and originality should be maintained (MADEJ 2010). This material creates uniqueness in business content and attracts audiences and investors. This social media content should be done consistently as well. This is an area where many companies have failed. There needs to be witty in crafting the messages, especially those that are likely to fit the audience. Lacks Branding Personnel When branding on social media, wallpapers in Twitter, banners in Google + and covers photos in Facebook all require different designs. Some businesses need the personnel to do this, implement and create these graphics thus that limits the content of social media. Using a person who is poor in graphics to do it, may lead to the creation of the wrong business logos and brand names sending the wrong message (LEVNAJIC 2014). In diving into social media, this has been a major setback. Conclusion There are many sectors in which social media affects business, but the most crucial of all is the use of social media in the marketing industry. This area is the most important of all because it sells business motives. Social media has both positive and negative impacts on business communication as seen above. Although it has rendered some few obstacles to business communication, the various benefits outweigh the negative consequences. In this 21st century, every business should focus on adopting the social media strategy, as one of the strategies in its business. References BISEN, VP 2009, Business communication. 18th ed. New Delhi: New Age International Ltd. BOHLANDER, G. S. S., 2009. Managing Human Resource Management. 18th ed. s.l.: Cengage Learning. EVANS, L. 2010, Social media marketing: strategies for engaging in Facebook, Twitter other social media. 18th ed. Indianapolis: Ind, Que. FERRARA, M 2013, Gale business insights handbook of social media marketing .. 18th ed. Detroit: Gale/. FLEISHER, CB 2007, Business and Competitive Analysis: Effective Application of New and Classic Methods". 18th ed. s.l.: FT Press. GRAY, A 2013, Brilliant social media: how to start, refine and improve your social media business strategy.. 18th ed. s.l.:s.n. GUFFEY, ML 2010, Essential of business communication .. 18th ed. Mason, OH, South-Western: Cengage Learning. HEALEY, J 2011, Social impacts of digital media. 18th ed. Thirroul, N.S.W., Spinney Press. LEVNAJIC, Z 2014, Facing ICT challenges in the era of social media.. 18th ed. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Academic Research. MADEJ, K 2010, Interactivity, Collaboration, and Authoring in Social Media.. 18th ed. s.l.:s.n. MARTIN, G 2010, 30 days to social media success: the 30-day results guide to making the most of Twitter, blogging, LinkedIn, and Facebook. 18th ed. Franklin Lakes, NJ, Career Press. PRIDE, WF 2011, Marketing. 2012 ed. s.l.: Cengage Learning. RADU, RMH, 2014. The evolution of global Internet governance: principles and policies in the making .. 18th ed. s.l.:s.n. ROHM, A 2014, Herding cats: a strategic approach to social media marketing.. 18th ed. New York: Business Expert Press. SHELDON, P 2017. Social Media. 18th ed. [S.I.]: LEXINGTON BOOKS. SMITH, PZ. 2011, Marketing Communications: Integrating Offline and online with social media.. 8th ed. London: Kogan Page.

The Eyes Of The Dragon (2124 words) Essay Example For Students

The Eyes Of The Dragon (2124 words) Essay The Eyes Of The DragonThe theme of the book, The Eyes of the Dragon, by Stephen King, is to stick to ones beliefs no matter what happens and always do what one knows is right. Dont give up on oneself; anything is possible. King Roland was the noble king of Delain. He was known as Roland the Good. He was, by far, not a bad king, though he was really not a great king. He meant no harm and was successful, but whenever he meant to do great things, he seemed to be unsuccessful. Roland, king of Delain, had two sons and had done his best to raise them without a wife. Peter, the oldest, was much like his father. He was successful at avoiding harm of the kingdom. In addition, he seemed to be more successful at the great things he attempted. Even as a little boy, Peter was loved by the kingdom, and many were looking forward to his reign as king. When Peter was merely a boy, he stood up against grown men for what he believed in. This was why the kingdom loved and appreciated him. In one instance, Peter was passing through the stableyard when he saw a lame horse about to be killed. Peter commanded Yosef, the palace fixture, to stop. After arguing, Peter managed to convince Yosef to give Peter one hour to find a veterinarian. Peter was to prove to Yosef that this horse would not die if taken care of. Just short of an hour later, Peter and the veterinarian returned. The veterinarian listened closely and agreed with Peter. The horse would never be a working horse aga in, but it would certainly make a great pet for Peter. This was only the beginning of Peters wisdom and only a hint of the respect he would soon earn. We will write a custom essay on The Eyes Of The Dragon (2124 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Thomas was a little different. He was very quiet, so no one was really sure of him. He did mysterious things. The citizens of Delain were glad Thomas was the younger son, for no one wanted Thomas as king. Anyone who attempted to, could befriend Thomas and earn his complete reliance. This great weakness caused the downfall of Delain. Roland had become dependent on his magician, Flagg. Roland was a good man, but he wasnt clever. It was not known, but Flagg had come and gone many times through out the years. He had come and gone with one uncompleted goal. It was fortunate for Delain that Flagg tended to be unsuccessful with his plans. Roland the Good was getting old, and it was widely known that he would soon be leaving the crown to Peter. Disappointing news as it was, many strongly believed Peter was going to do great things throughout his reign. Peter soon grew up, and though he knew what was coming to him upon his fathers death, Peter still wished his father many years to come. It had become tradition for Peter to take two glasses of wince to his fathers room before retiring. Each man, glass in hand, sat together simply enjoying the company. This, among other things, made Thomas unhappy and extremely jealous. Thomas believed that he had no family to love. He had taken the blame for his mothers death and believed his father and brother had also placed the blame on him. It was probably because of this that Thomas had no friends, no confidence, and barely a will to live. Flagg, the brilliant magician that he was, used Thomas weakness to his advantage. Flagg had attempted many times to destroy Delain. He waited year after year and finally his chance arose. He hadnt completely worked out the details, but he knew things would work out for him. Thomas and Flagg became quite close. Flagg knew he would finally complete his lifes work, and Thomas would put his entire soul into getting what he had always wanted, a friend. Thomas confided his every though with Flagg, and Flagg showed great sincerity. Flagg knew all the secrets of the castle because of his coming and going throughout the centuries. Through the eyes of Niner, a dragon Roland had killed, there were peeping holes. Through a back hallway, one could find the hidden passage way that led to the peep holes. Flagg told Thomas of this, and it had meant a lot to Thomas. This was to become Flaggs big mistake. .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9 , .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9 .postImageUrl , .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9 , .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9:hover , .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9:visited , .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9:active { border:0!important; } .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9:active , .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9 .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc257f021b5bd8501f22e5c09814c1fe9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Summary of Behavioral Genetics EssayOne day, an ingenious plan came to Flagg. The magician used a special poison he had saved for centuries just for the occasion. This poison was no ordinary poison. It would burn a person from the inside out after simply inhaling it. While working with the poison, Flagg wore gloves and used tweezers. After going to the window to take a breath, Flagg would work for a few minutes, and take careful measures not to breathe in the fumes. In a glass, he took a small amount of poison and mixed it with Rolands favorite wine. Taking a bit more, Flagg opened up a cage and fed it to a mouse to observe the suffering. The remaining poison was placed in a little wooden box stolen from Peter years ago. The box had been a present from Peters mother with his name engraved in the top. Flagg, knowing of Peters nightly tradition, went to Rolands bed chamber with the glass of wine to do away with his king. Flagg waited until he was sure Peter had left and no one would see him enter. Since visitors were becoming few and far between in his old age, Roland was glad to see him. After drinking their wine, both men agreed to retire for the night. Though he knew it was for the better, Flagg wished he hadnt had to leave what was to become a night remember. Flagg left that night thinking he would be the last to see Roland alive. He was wrong because someone else would see the suffering Flagg had inflicted. Someone else would be the last pers on to see Roland alive. Flaggs big mistake had caught up with him; Thomas had witnessed everything. Thomas had seen it all through the eyes of Niner. The next day, servants reported Rolands death. It was also a servant who found Peters long wooden box. If circumstances had been different, Peter wouldve been overjoyed to see the memorable gift. Unfortunately, Peter was devastated to hear that the poison used to kill his father had been found in that box. Peter was arrested, tried, and sent to the Needle for life. Since Peter was royalty, he wouldnt be sentenced to death but instead sentenced to live the rest of his life atop the tower through cold, heat, and loneliness. If Peter had been Thomas or any other man, he wouldve given up and died soon enough. Peter always had hope, and searched constantly for a way to escape. It didnt take Peter long to earn the respect of the disgusting gentlemen in charge of him. Eventually, they would bring him almost anything he desired, for a price. Peter had no money; therefore, he tried his luck with an old friend. He had a letter delivered to Penya, and he agreed to help in any way possible. Peny a, after receiving Peters letter, chose to believe in Peters innocence. He vowed to do everything in his power to free Peter. To keep Peters newly earned privilege, he used it sparingly. He asked for his mothers dollhouse and a napkin with each meal. As no one wouldve guess, Peter had a plan already in effect. From each napkin, Peter pulled five strands of fabric. This may seem like very little, but it began to add up. Using the working loom in his mothers dollhouse, he began making a rope. Things in Delain had become awful for the villagers. With Flagg ruling through Thomas, taxes had been raised, bankers had to become more strict with mortgages, and a great fear fell over the land. Because of this, many people began to leave their homes, farms, and lifes work to hide in the forest. Penya was included in the move. The forest provided a safe place of refuge and the grounds to plan for a revolt. In this newly formed community, the majority had decided that Peter was to be somehow rescued. This would be their next move. Upon his escape, they were to make their own decision concerning his guilt. (Though many already believed firmly in his innocence, there would still be a vote.)The trip was already a difficult one, but to make matters worse, it was midwinter. Means of travel were simply by foot, unless one was fortunate enough to have a team of dogs and a sled. Penya had sent two people, Ben and Naomi, to go to try to rescue Peter. The two travelers were fortunate enough t o have Naomis sled team. This cut the long trip down to a day and a half. Once inside the village, there was no plan, but the two were determined. It was difficult to sneak into the kingdom and even trickier to get into the village square where the Needle was located. .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e , .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e .postImageUrl , .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e , .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e:hover , .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e:visited , .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e:active { border:0!important; } .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e:active , .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d6c4c5d57861941682ad124f7fd449e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gerald Croft Essay ThesisPeter must have had the same type of feeling flowing that night as the rescue team did because he was preparing for his escape just as Naomi and Ben arrived. It wouldve worked out perfectly if Flagg hadnt been watching from his crystal ball. Flagg had gone to the Needle to stop Peters escape. Peter began preparing his rope as Flagg began climbing the three hundred stairs to the top. Peter was half way down the rope when Flagg reached the top, but Flagg watched the rope break. When Peter was about one hundred feet above the ground, his hands froze and he couldnt move. He had lost feeling in his hands and moving would risk a fall. The rope was only m ade of napkin cotton and broke, just as Flagg had imagined. Peter fell and thought he had less of a second to live, but his friends were truly great. Not only did they risk their lives through the cold to get there, risk their heads for helping a criminal escape, and wait for Peter at the bottom of the needle, but they had also made him a huge bed of napkins in case of his fall. Each gave a different estimate at the size of the pile, but it was said to be twenty feet high. Peter landed squarely in the middle of the napkin and wasnt quite sure if he was alive. His friends ecstatically rushed to him, knowing they had little time to make an escape. There were tired guards just now arriving. This would be a big problem to most, but not Peter. With almost all the courage he had left, he simply told the guards that he was king, and he didnt kill his father. The let him pass. After spending all that time in the Needle, Peter had uncovered the truth about Flagg. On the way to the castle, Peter explained to his friends how Flagg had been trying to destroy Delain for centuries and he explained his plan. Peter had to reach his fathers bow and arrow used to kill Niner, because it was the only idea he had to destroy Flagg. The heroic trio reached Rolands chambers and the bow and arrow were gone. Flagg, who had been fresh on their trail the entire way, reached the chamber almost immediately after them and was pounding on the door. Ben and Naomi had their weapons drawn and ready, though Peter knew these wouldnt stand a chance against the wizard. Flagg was never one to rush into things and make hasty decisions, so once inside the door, they all talked. Flagg expressed his guilt for the murder of Roland, vowing to kill all he had just confessed to. Peter told Flagg he would never get away with it, and Flaggs reply was simply a smile. After a few moments of silence, Flagg told them that no one had seen him enter Rolands room that night, only Peter was seen entering the room. At this, Thomas, who had been hiding in the shadows, spoke up. Thomas told everyone that he had been watching that night through the eyes of Niner and with his father bow, show Flagg in the left eye. After being hit, Flagg disappeared. This was quite an ending to quite a book. Most of the villagers had believed strongly in Peter, but gave up on him too quickly when accused. Three characters persuade the truth and did what they knew was right. It was because of them, this book had a happy ending. Book Reports

What Is Academic Priority †Creative Writing Short Essay

What Is Academic Priority – Creative Writing Short Essay Free Online Research Papers What Is Academic Priority Creative Writing Short Essay I believe that education is the most important factor in anybody’s success. Plato believed that a lifelong education was needed to run an ideal society. Although we do not yet have this utopian society of unchanged, we do have an ever increasing demand for people capable of running the systems that power our less than ideal society. This technology is evolving at a pace far beyond that of any in the past. Formal education and certification is an important function for anyone who desires to use the technologies to the full capacity. I am requesting admission to Massachusetts Institute of Technology so that I may obtain the education needed to have a successful future working with computer technology. Although I lack the desire to be directly competitive with others I have found that I can motivate myself to be better individually. In the process of bettering myself I have continuously taken difficult classes including honors math courses and advanced science classes in addition to specific independent studies that have focused on computer support and online environment marketing. These independent studies gave me a chance to design my own curriculum while implementing my own goals. These goals have ranged from article deadlines to personal trait growth. My studies have trained me in the art of expanding my knowledge of a topic in the direction I want to follow in addition to opening up new opportunities to me such as a job with the school district working as a technician for the technology department and the development of MarketGuerilla.com to showcase my research and study of online marketing techniques in article format. In addition to being a fulltime high school student I have also taken courses at a local community college every semester since my sophomore year of high school. These classes have taught me how to become better organized and to use my time more effectively. The second problem I have always had to cope with is my lack of time. Because I am involved in so many activities and events in and out of school I often lose sleep trying to compact everything into the time I have available in each day. I have always tried to be active in sports and extra curricular activities such as football, ABF boxing, and band. Each of these activities has played an essential role in developing my personal growth as a student. I believe that the most important school activity I am involved in is the instrumental arts. I am a performer in marching band, concert band, jazz band, pep band, show band, and individual/ensemble competition. The instruments I play regularly include the bari sax, tenor sax, and sousaphone. My work with instrumental music has built my appreciation of many types of music while creating a performance discipline. My abilities as a musician have greatly increased my overall confidence making it easier to performer or address larger g roups. Musical arts have also caused my creativity to flourish as I continue to increase my improvisational skills allowing me to construct elegant rhythms and musical expressions instantly. Although I take classes that are advanced and difficult I still manage to maintain a GPA of about 3.8. My GPA puts me easily within the top 10% of the class. I have always been an A and B student and have a near perfect attendance. These are all traits that I will need to progress into the next phase of my education at your institution. My goal is to always improve myself. I believe that a lifelong education will assist me in understanding the current computer systems of today and those that will come in the future. A strong knowledge of these systems that our society depends on during everyday operation will guarantee a successful life in the future. Research Papers on What Is Academic Priority - Creative Writing Short EssayStandardized TestingBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfHip-Hop is ArtPETSTEL analysis of IndiaOpen Architechture a white paperIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part OneThe Project Managment Office System

Taking A stand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Taking A stand - Essay Example Undoubtedly drinking water is available in the world in plenty but due to extensive use of water by high class people the lower classes gets affected and they lack to access to safe water. Availability of drinking water is becoming a matter of concern at present circumstances due to these issues. Most importantly, it can become a threat for the future generations. It has been observed by scientists that volume of safe drinking water is decreasing across the globe. In the United States of America, the Colorado River was one of the main sources of water. The water of Colorado River is still supplied in Las Vegas. Due to intense pollution and wastage the flow of water has drastically reduced in Colorado River. The pollution of Ohio River is another challenge in front of the world. According to Charles McMahon, â€Å"Improvising waste water treatment through increased regulation is a possible way to decrease the effects of enormous consumption and wastage of water† (McMahon 34). This phenomenon is very common in many countries regarding water recycling in order to overcome shortage of water. In the nineteenth century, water was wasted at a very large scale due to lack of advanced technological processes’ presence. Due to lack of knowledge people used large amount of water and at the same time polluted water at a large scale. When dams were built for production of electricity and controlled flow it was highly appreciated. However the consequences were in front of people very soon. For example the fact of Colorado River was not a very common phenomenon. Colorado River was one of the most important sources of fresh water in the United States. The Grand Canyon was the resident of some early civilizations however because of huge pollution and construction of dam the flow of the water reduced tremendously. This became one of the most important concerns before the country. This example shows the

Learning Game Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning Game - Article Example At first all we did was throw the tennis ball to one another and we spent around thirty minutes doing so. It seemed like a simple enough idea but it didn't merit any innovation on our part. We all wanted to do better and beat our own record. Also it did take awfully long to just get the ball from one person to another and we ended up spending too much time on that. The second time we played the game we all managed to pass the ball between us in only half our previous time and that was 15 minutes. We did this by standing in a new kind of circle, a much smaller one, where all of us were standing much closer to each other than before. We had achieved our goal twice and actually managed to cut down our time by a significant amount in our second try. Unfortunately, we could not carry on our winning streak to our third try because at that point a conflict arose which disrupted everything. When we started thinking about taking a third shot at our little project I had a great idea. I had been thinking of ways in which I could cut down the time even further by exchanging the ball even more quickly. While I was thinking about it I came up with a great solution and all of my classmates even liked my idea. Everyone was willing to give it a try and see if it works out or not; everyone except one person. This was where things started to get a little ou

Current School Finance Issues Paper [w5d7-i] Essay

Current School Finance Issues Paper [w5d7-i] - Essay Example If the State acknowledges the bid, then a private school can start receiving funds for their transport costs. Bidding renewals are to be done annually. However, to every rule, there is an exception. If a school happens to have vehicles owned by their District, then there is no need to renew their bid. Additionally, some schools may have opted to enter into a joint agreement with another. This implies that one school may apply on behalf of another. Similarly, some schools may be part of a coordinated transportation agency as asserted by Say student (2008). The Board of education is also given the mandate to reject applications for transport financing in the event that applications are made poorly. On the other hand, there is a maximum student number that can be covered by and district board. This implies that when the optimum number has been reached then all other applications will be rejected. Additionally, in the event that a private school is applying for transport funding yet it only deals with special children, then the board of education is mandated to reject their application. Similarly, if a school provides only vocational training or it provides only technical skills, then they are not eligible for state funding. When student's residential areas are over twenty miles away from the school, then they may not necessarily get access to State funds. Federal States also require that children meet certain age criterion in order to enroll for the program. For instance, in the State of New Jersey, children who are between kindergartens and age twelve are eligible for transportation services provided by the District in elementary schools. It should be noted that it is not mandatory for private schools to receive funding from their respective District school boards. But they have the option of utilizing other options available for them. For instances, it is not mandatory for a private school to receive funding in the event that their residents are located beyond two and a half miles and two miles for high schools and elementary schools respectively. There are also cases in which a school is located out of State but may wish to get funding from a school district Board. This is only permissible in the event that the school is located in a county with a third class rating. Additionally, funding may also be granted to those individuals who are found in counties that have a population greater than eighty thousand. However, this population may not exceed one hundred and twenty thousand people as put forward by the Toronto Catholic District School Board (2007). . Some private schools may be not for profit organizations. Such schools are also not mandated to receive transport funding, but may gain access given the fact that most of them are have tax exemption status. However not for profit institutions are usually required to display solid evidence bout their status. This is done by bringing an affidavit that will act as a form of evidence. There area also cases in which some schools have met all other criteria enlisted above but happen to be located twenty miles away from their schools. The legislature normally examines such schools on an annul basis. Once they find that these people meet the right criterion then they may